Uma revisão científica sobre a correlação dos métodos de síntese da nanopartícula de prata com a citotoxicidade ao hospedeiro
Resumo
As nanopartículas de prata têm sido extensivamente pesquisadas e possuem diversas aplicações, como antimicrobiano e anticâncer, podem ser usadas nas áreas: agropecuária, biomédica, farmacêutica, têxtil, entre outras. Contudo, sua toxicidade ainda é pouco entendida. As nanopartículas podem apresentar tamanhos entre 1 – 100 nm, e a mais estudada atualmente é a de prata (AgNP). Os principais métodos de síntese são: químico e biogênico, ou “verde”, a qual é menos poluente ao meio ambiente, sustentável e simples, apesar da padronização ser mais complexa. As características morfológicas e físico-químicas se diferenciam de acordo com o método de síntese e, consequentemente, apresentam diferentes graus de toxicidade. A nanotoxicologia estuda a toxicidade das nanopartículas sobre os organismos vivos e os cientistas buscam saber a respeito das propriedades físico-químicas e sua influência na interação com o meio ambiente. Sabe-se que há diversos parâmetros que influenciam na toxicidade, como, concentração, tamanho da partícula, forma, morfologia, química da superfície, estado de aglomeração/agregação, método de síntese e o tipo de célula que é utilizada. Portanto, esta revisão visa abordar as principais vias de síntese das AgNPs, discutir as vantagens e desvantagens de cada método, os parâmetros que influenciam na toxicidade e exemplos de estudos.
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