Non-thermal physical methods to sanitize produce after harvest
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36812/pag20263211-24Keywords:
Alternative treatments, Food safety, Microbiological contamination, Non-heat treatmentAbstract
Non-thermal physical treatments on ready-to-eat produce are receiving extensive attention because chemicals are facing increasing consumer restrictions concerning the presence of residues with eventual negative health effects. The growing demand for fresh-like and handy foods contrasts with perishability and inherent sensitivity to handling procedures that may result in quality losses. The industry is required to address food security as the numbers of foodborne outbreaks are rising prompting increased attention of health authorities on food safety issues. Expansion of food supply chains has led to spiraling of health risks. To overcome the challenges to reduce microbial loads several disinfection alternatives were developed. Some have advantages over others in terms of quality traits maintenance, ease of application or generation of noxious waste.
Downloads
References
AGANOVIC, K. et al. Aspects of high hydrostatic pressure food processing: Perspectives on technology and food safety. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, v. 20, n. 4, p. 3225-3266, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12763
ALONSO, M., et al. Effect of X-ray irradiation on fruit quality of clementine mandarin cv. ‘Clemenules’. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 76, n. 10, p. 1631-1635, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.11.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.11.015
AMANATIDOU, A.; SMID, E. J.; GORRIS, L. G. M. Effect of elevated oxygen and carbon dioxide on the surface growth of vegetable-associated micro-organisms. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 86, n. 3, p. 429-438, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00682.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00682.x
ANU, C., XAVIER, J. R.; PRAKASH, C. O. Use of Cold Plasma for Phytosanitation and Decontamination of Food Products: A Review. Future Postharvest and Food, v. 2, n. 4, p. 390-410, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/fpf2.70017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fpf2.70017
ARBAL, A. et al. Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes, and its application in food: A review. Food Chemistry Advances, v. 5, p. 100782, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100782
ARREOLA, A. G. et al. Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on microbial populations in single strength orange juice. Journal of Food Quality, v. 14, p. 275-284, 1991.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00068.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00068.x
ARTÉS, F.; ALLENDE, A. Processing Lines and Alternative Preservation Techniques to Prolong the Shelf-life of Minimally Fresh Processed Leafy Vegetables. European Journal of Horticultural Science, v. 70, n. 5, p. 231-245, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2005/34006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2005/34006
ARTÉS, F. et al. Sustainable sanitation techniques for keeping quality and safety of fresh-cut plant commodities. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 51, n. 3, p. 287-296, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.10.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.10.003
ARVANITOYANNIS, I. S.; KOTSANOPOULOS, K. V.; SAVVA, A. G. Use of ultrasounds in the food industry–methods and effects on quality, safety, and organoleptic characteristics of foods: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, v. 57, n. 1, p. 109-128, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.860514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.860514
ASHRAF, S. et al. Food irradiation: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, v. 7, n. 2, p. 131-136, 2019. Available from: https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/?year=2019&vol=7&issue=2&ArticleId=5139. Accessed: May 27, 2025.
BALABAN, M. O.; DUONG, T. Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide Research: Current Focus and Directions. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, v. 2, p. 2-9, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.002
BALASUBRAMANIAM, V. M.; MARTÍNEZ-MONTEAGUDO, S. I.; GUPTA, R. Principles and Application of High Pressure–Based Technologies in the Food Industry. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, v. 6, p. 435-462, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015539
BALDIK, R.; AYTEKIN, H.; ERER, M. Radioactivity measurements and radiation dose assessments due to natural radiation in Karabük (Turkey). Journal Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 289, p. 297-302, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1077-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1077-z
BARBOSA-CANOVAS, G. V. et al. Pulsed Light Technology. Journal of Food Science, v. 65, n. s8, p. 82-85, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2000.tb00621.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2000.tb00621.x
BASAK, S. The potential of pulsed magnetic field to achieve microbial inactivation and enzymatic stability in foods: a concise critical review. Future Foods, v. 7, 100230, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100230
BATZ, M. B.; HOFFMANN, S.; MORRIS JUNIOR, J. G. Ranking the Disease Burden of 14 Pathogens in Food Sources in the United States Using Attribution Data from Outbreak Investigations and Expert Elicitation. Journal of Food Protection, v. 75, n. 7, p. 1278-1291, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-418
BERMÚDEZ-AGUIRRE, D.; BARBOSA-CÁNOVAS, G. V. An Update on High Hydrostatic Pressure, from the Laboratory to Industrial Applications. Food Engineering Reviews, v. 3, p. 44-61, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-010-9030-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-010-9030-4
BHARGAVA, N. et al. Advances in application of ultrasound in food processing: A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 70, p. 105293, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105293
BILEK, S. E.; TURANTAŞ, F. Decontamination efficiency of high power ultrasound in the fruit and vegetable industry, a review. International Jou/rnal of Food Microbiology, v. 166, n. 1, p. 155-162, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.028
BOTONDI, R. et al. Ozone fumigation for safety and quality of wine grapes in postharvest dehydration. Food Chemistry, v. 188, n. 1, p. 641-647, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.029
BRANÝ, D. et al. Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Powerful Tool for Modern Medicine. International Journal Molecular Sciences, v. 21, n. 8, p. 2932, 2020. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082932
BRITO, I. P. C.; SILVA, E. K. Pulsed electric field technology in vegetable and fruit juice processing: A review. Food Research International, v. 184, p. 114207, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114207
BRODOWSKA, A. J.; NOWAK, A.; ŚMIGIELSKI, K. Ozone in the Food Industry: Principles of Ozone Treatment, Mechanisms of Action, and Applications: An Overview. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, v. 58, n. 13, p. 2176-2201, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1308313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1308313
BRUN, P. et al. Antibacterial efficacy and mechanisms of action of low power atmospheric pressure cold plasma: Membrane permeability, biofilm penetration and antimicrobial sensitization. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 125, n. 2, p. 398-408, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13780
BUTZ, P.; TAUSCHER, B. Emerging technologies: chemical aspects. Food Research International, v. 35, n. 2-3, p. 279-284, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00197-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00197-1
CAMPELO, S. N. et al. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering Recent Advancements in Electroporation Technologies: From Bench to Clinic. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, v. 25, p. 77-100, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-023800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-023800
CAPODAGLIO, A. G. Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues Improved Valorization. Processes, v. 9, n. 5, p. 736, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050736
CARLETTI, L. et al. Use of ozone in sanitation and storage of fresh fruits and vegetables. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, v. 11, n. 3&4, p. 585-589, 2013. Available from: https://www.wflpublisher.com/Abstract/4710. Accessed: May 26, 2025.
CASTRO-IBÁÑEZ, I.; GIL, M. I.; ALLENDE, A. Ready-to-eat vegetables: Current problems and potential solutions to reduce microbial risk in the production chain. LWT – Food Science and Technology, v. 85, part B, p. 284-292, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.073
CHEMAT, F.; HUMA, Z. E.; KHAN, M. K. Applications of ultrasound in food technology: Processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 18, n. 4 p. 813-835, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.023
CHEN, B.-Y. et al. Pulsed light sterilization of packaging materials. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, v. 5, n. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2015.04.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2015.04.002
CONDÓN, S.; ÁLVAREZ, I.; GAYÁN, E. Non-thermal processing | Pulsed UV light. In: BATT, C. A.; TORTORELLO, M. L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. 2. Ed. Cambridge: Academic Press, 2014. P. 974-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00398-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00398-0
CONDÓN-ABANTO, S. et al. Application of ultrasound in combination with heat and pressure for the inactivation of spore forming bacteria isolated from edible crab (Cancer pagurus). International Journal of Food Microbiology, v. 223, p. 9-16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.001
COOHILL, T. P.; SAGRIPANTI, J.-L. Overview of the Inactivation by 254 nm Ultraviolet Radiation of Bacteria with Particular Relevance to Biodefense. Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 84, n. 5, p. 1084-1090, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00387.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00387.x
DAI, T. et al. Ultraviolet C irradiation: an alternative antimicrobial approach to localized infections? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, v. 10, n. 2, p. 185-195, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.166
DAMAR, S.; BALABAN, M. O. Review of Dense Phase CO2 Technology: Microbial and Enzyme Inactivation, and Effects on Food Quality. Journal of Food Science, v. 71, n. 1, R1-R11, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12397.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12397.x
DIFFEY, B. L. Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation. Methods, v. 28, n. 1, p. 4-13, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00204-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00204-9
ESBELIN, J. et al. Role of Pigmentation in Protecting Aspergillus niger Conidiospores Against Pulsed Light Radiation. Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 89, n. 3, p. 758-761, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12037
EFSA; ECDC. The European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report. EFSA Journal, v. 20, n. 12, p. e07666, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7666
FIJOŁEK, L.; ŚWIETLIK, J.; FRANKOWSKI, M. Ozonation and catalytic ozonation – Sources of error. What do we need to know? Journal of Environmental Management, v. 370, p. 123031, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123031
FRANKLIN, R. N.; BRAITHWAITE, N. S. J. 80 Years of Plasma. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, v. 18, n. 1, p. 010201, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/1/010201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/1/010201
GARCIA-GONZALEZ, L. et al. High-pressure carbon dioxide inactivation of microorganisms in foods: The past, the present and the future. International Journal of Food Microbiology, v. 117, n. 1, p. 1-28, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.018
GORNY, J. R.; AGAR, I. T. Are Argon-enriched Atmospheres Beneficial? Perishables Handling Quarterly, n. 94, p. 7-8, 1998. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20240603062918/http://ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/234-197.pdf Accessed: June. 02, 2025
GINDRI, A. L.; LAPORTA, L. V.; SANTOS, M. R. Microbiological ontrolo f medicinal drugs commercialized in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, Botucatu, v. 14, n. 3, p. 563-570, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722012000300020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722012000300020
GOUBLE, B.; FATH, D.; SOUDAIN, P. Nitrous oxide inhibition of ethylene production in ripening and senescing climacteric fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 5, n. 4, p. 311-321, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(94)00030-V. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(94)00030-V
GRAY, N. F. Ozone Disinfection. In: PERCIVAL, S. L. et al. (ed.). Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases. Cambridge: Academic Press, 2014. ch. 33, p. 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415846-7.00033-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415846-7.00033-0
GRIGNANI, E. et al. Safe and effective use of ozone as air and surface disinfectant in the conjuncture of Covid-19. Gases, v. 1, n. 1, p. 19-32, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/gases1010002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gases1010002
GUO, L. et al. Germicidal efficacy of the pulsed magnetic field against pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food processing: An overview. Food Control, v. 136, p. 108496, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108496
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956713521006344?via%3Dihub. Accessed: May 27, 2025.
GURZADYAN, G. G.; GÖRNER, H.; SCHULTE-FROHLINDE, D. Ultraviolet (193, 216 and 254 nm) photoinactivation of Escherichia coli strains with different repair deficiencies. Radiation Research, v. 141, n. 3, p. 244-251, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2307/3579001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3579001
HAIDER, S. T.-A. et al. Postharvest application of gamma irradiation affects fruit quality and antioxidant enzymes activities of ‘kinnow’ mandarin fruits during cold storage. Food Science and Technology, Campinas, v. 43, p. e113122, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.113122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.113122
HALLMAN, G. J. Ionizing radiation quarantine treatments against tephritid fruit flies. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 16, n. 2, p. 93-106, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(99)00012-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(99)00012-5
HALLMAN, G. J. Phytosanitary applications of irradiation. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, v. 10, n. 2, p. 143-151, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00144.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00144.x
HOFFMANN, C.; BERGANZA, C.; ZHANG, J. Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology. Medical Gas Research, v. 3, n. 21, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-9912-3-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-9912-3-21
HUANG, G. et al. Effects of ultrasound on microbial growth and enzyme activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 37, p. 144-149, 2017a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.018
HUANG, H.-W. et al. Current status and future trends of high-pressure processing in food industry. Food Control, v. 72, part A, p. 1-8, 2017b. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.019
ISSA-ZACHARIA, A. et al. A review of microbiological safety of fruits and vegetables and the introduction of electrolyzed water as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite solution. African Journal of Food Science, v. 4, n. 13, p. 778-789, 2010. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJFS/article-abstract/2A5B72826270. Accessed: May 26, 2025.
JEONG, M.-A.; JEONG, R.-D. Applications of ionizing radiation for the control of postharvest diseases in fresh produce: recent advances. Plant Pathology, v. 67, n. 1, p. 18-29, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12739
KADER, A. A.; BEN-YEHOSHUA, S. Effects of superatmospheric oxygen levels on postharvest physiology and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00122-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00122-8
KHAN, S. et al. Dense phase carbon dioxide: An emerging non-thermal technology in food processing. Physical Science International Journal, v. 16, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2017. https://doi.org/10.9734/PSIJ/2017/35518 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/PSIJ/2017/35518
KHADRE, M. A.; YOUSEF, A. E.; KIM, J.-G. Microbial aspects of ozone applications in food: A review. Journal of Food Science, v. 66, n. 9, p. 1242-1252, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15196.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15196.x
KADKHODAEE, R.; POVEY, M. J. W. Ultrasonic inactivation of Bacillus a-amylase. I. effect of gas content and emitting face of probe. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 15, n. 2, p. 133-142, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.02.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.02.005
KIM, H.-J. et al. Effect of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the foodborne pathogens attached to commercial food containers. Journal of Food Science and Technology, v. 52, p. 8410-8415, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2003-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2003-0
KINMAN, R. N.; REMPEL, G. Water and wastewater disinfection with ozone: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, v. 5, n. 1, p. 141-152, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643387509381625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10643387509381625
KINOSITA JUNIOR, K.; TSONG, T. Y. Voltage induced pore formation and hemolysis of human erythrocyte membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta – Biomembranes, v. 471, n. 2, p. 227-242, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(77)90252-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(77)90252-8
KOBUS, Z. et al. Effect of High-Powered Ultrasound on Bioactive Compounds and Microbiological Stability of Juices—Review. Applied Sciences, v. 13, n. 19, p. 10961, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910961
KRISHNAMURTHY, K. et al. Microscopic and spectroscopic evaluation of inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed UV light and infrared heating. Food and Bioprocess Technology, v. 3, p. 93-104, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-008-0084-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-008-0084-8
KUMAR, M. et al. Gamma radiation protects fruit quality in tomato by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 301, p. 871-880, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3234-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3234-7
LEISTNER, L.; GOULD, G. W. Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2002. 194 p. (Food Engineering Series). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7
LEVY, C. et al. Relevant factors affecting microbial surface decontamination by pulsed light. International Journal of Food Microbiology, v. 152, n. 3, p. 168-174, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.022
LEVY, D.; SORDI, G. M. A. A.; VILLAVICENCIO, A. L. C. H. Irradiação de alimentos no Brasil: revisão histórica, situação atual e desafios futuros. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 8, n. 3, p. 1-16, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v8i3.1241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v8i3.1241
LIAO, X. et al. Alterations of molecular properties of lipoxygenase induced by dense phase carbon dioxide. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, v. 10, n. 1, p. 47-53, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2008.06.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2008.06.007
LIMOLI, D. H.; JONES, C. J.; WOZNIAK, D. J. Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm formation and function. Microbiology Spectrum, v. 3, n. 3, p. 1-19, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.mb-0011-2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0011-2014
LONE, S. A. et al. An investigation on the sterilization of berry fruit using ozone: An option to preservation and long-term storage. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, v. 20, p. 101212, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101212
MACLEAN, M. et al. Photoinactivation and Photoreactivation Responses by Bacterial Pathogens after Exposure to Pulsed UV-Light. In: IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH-VOLTAGE CONFERENCE, 2008, Las Vegas. Proceedings [...]. Las Vegas: IEEE, 2008. p. 326-329. https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743649
McCLURKIN, J. D.; MAIER, D. E.; ILELEJI, K. E. Half-life time of ozone as a function of air movement and conditions in a sealed container. Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 55, p. 41-47, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2013.07.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2013.07.006
MARIN-HUACHACA, N. S. et al. Detection of irradiated fresh fruits treated by e-beam or gamma rays. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 63, n. 3-6, p. 419-422, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00618-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00618-1
MAI-PROCHNOW, A. et al. Atmospheric pressure plasmas: infection control and bacterial responses. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, v. 43, n. 6, p. 508-517, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.025
MOLLER, A. P. et al. Differences in effects of radiation on abundance of animals in Fukushima and Chernobyl. Ecological Indicators, v. 24, p. 75-81, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.001
MORREN, J.; ROODENBURG, B.; DE HAAN, S. W. H. Electrochemical reactions and electrode corrosion in pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment chambers. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, v. 4, n. 3, p. 285-295, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564(03)00041-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564(03)00041-9
NIEMIRA, B. A.; BOYD, G.; SITES, J. Cold Plasma Rapid Decontamination of Food Contact Surfaces Contaminated with Salmonella Biofilms. Journal of Food Science, v. 79, n. 5, p. M917-M922, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12379
PANGLOLI, P.; HUNG, Y.-C. Reducing microbiological safety risk on blueberries through innovative washing technologies. Food Control, v. 32, n. 2, p. 621-625, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.052
PAULL, R. E. Ripening behavior of papaya (Carica papaya L.) exposed to gamma irradiation. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 7, n. 4, p. 359-370, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(95)00049-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(95)00049-6
PINELA, J.; FERREIRA, I. C. F. R. Nonthermal physical Technologies to decontaminate and extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables; trends aiming at quality and safety. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, v. 57, n. 10, p. 2095-2111, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1046547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1046547
PUÉRTOLAS, E.; KOUBAA, M.; BARBA, F. J. An overview of the impact of electrotechnologies for the recovery of oil and high-value compounds from vegetable oil industry: Energy and economic cost implications. Food Research International, v. 80, p. 19-26, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.009
RAMOS, B. et al. Fresh fruits and vegetables - an overview on applied methodologies to improve its quality and safety. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, v. 20, p. 1-15, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.07.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.07.002
REISZ, J. A. et al. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules—mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, v. 21, n. 2, p. 260-292, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5489
SALEHI, F. Application of pulsed light technology for fruits and vegetables disinfection: A review. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 132, n. 4, p. 2521-2530, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15389
SANTOS, M. I. et al. One health perspectives on food safety in minimally processed vegetables and fruits: from farm to fork. Microorganisms, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2990, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122990
SAKUDO, A.; YAGYU, Y.; ONODERA, T. Disinfection and Sterilization Using Plasma Technology: Fundamentals and Future Perspectives for Biological Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 20, n. 20, p. 5216, 2019. https:doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205216
SANDRI, A. et al. New Method to Easily Assess Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activity of Ultraviolet Radiation Using Quantitative Image Analysis. Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 99, n. 6, p. 1476-1482, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13796
SANTAMERA, A. et al. Pulsed Light: Challenges of a Non-Thermal Sanitation Technology in the Winemaking Industry. Beverages, v. 6, n. 3, p. 45, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages6030045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages6030045
SARRON, E.; GADONNA-WIDEHEM, P.; AUSSENAC, T. Ozone treatments for preserving fresh vegetables quality: a critical review. Foods, v. 10, n. 3, p. 605, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030605
SCHLUNDT, J. New direction in foodborne disease prevention. International Journal of Food Microbiology, v. 78, n. 1-2, p. 3-17, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)002349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00234-9
SHALABY, S. W.; NAGATOMI, S. D.; POWELL, E. F. Sterilization techniques for biotextiles for medical applications. In: KING, M. W.; GUPTA, B. S.; GUIDOIN, R. (ed.). Biotextiles as Medical Implants. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing, 2013. ch. 6, p. 157-168. (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles). https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095602.1.157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095602.1.157
SHEZI, S. et al. Changes in biochemistry of fresh produce in response to ozone postharvest treatment. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 269, p. 109397, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109397
SILVEIRA, A. C. et al. Effect of non-conventional modified atmosphere packaging on fresh cut watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 92, p. 114-120, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.12.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.12.012
SOUZA, T. P.; LIONZO, M. I. Z.; PETROVICK, P. R. Evaluation of microbial contamination reduction on plants through technological process of decoction and spray dry. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, v. 16, n. 1, p. 94-98, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2006000100017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2006000100017
SOWA, S.; TOWILL, L. E. Effects of nitrous oxide on mitochondrial and cell respiration and growth in Distichlis spicata suspension cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, v. 27, p. 197-201, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041290
SPOTO, M. H. F. et al. Gamma irradiation in the control of pathogenic bacteria in refrigerated ground chicken meat. Scientia Agricola, v. 57, n. 3, p. 389-394, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162000000300003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162000000300003
STEFANOVA, R.; VASILEV, N. V.; SPASSOV, S. L. Irradiation of Food, Current Legislation Framework, and Detection of Irradiated Foods. Food Analytical Methods, v. 3, p. 225-252. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-009-9118-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-009-9118-8
TAHI, A. A. et al. Ultrasound and heat treatment effects on Staphylococcus aureus cell viability in orange juice. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 78, p. 105743, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105743
TCHONKOUANG, R. D. et al. UV-C Light: A Promising Preservation Technology for Vegetable-Based Nonsolid Food Products. Foods, v. 12, n. 17, p. 3227, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12173227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12173227
THOM, S. R.; MARQUIS, R. E. Microbial Growth Modification by Compressed Gases and Hydrostatic Pressure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 47, n. 4, p. 780-787, 1984. https://doi.rg/10.1128/aem.47.4.780-787.1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.47.4.780-787.1984
TIGANOV, V. S. Ultraviolet technologies for sanitation of veterinary supervision’s objects. Veterinary Pathology, v. 2, p. 96-100, 2007. Available from: http://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_16861293_54313027.pdf. Accessed: May 27, 2025.
TODD, E. Food-Borne Disease Prevention and Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 17, n. 14, p. 5129, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145129
TOEPFL, S.; HEINZ, V.; KNORR, D. Overview of Pulsed Electric Field Processing for Food. In: SUN, D.-W. (ed.). Emerging Technologies for Food Processing. Cambridge: Academic Press, 2005. ch. 4, p. 69-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012676757-5/50006-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012676757-5/50006-2
TUBIANA, M. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of X-rays. Bulletin de l´Academie Nationale de Medecine, v. 180, n. 1, p. 97-108, 1996. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8696882. Accessed: May 26, 2025.
VESTBY, L. K. et al. Bacterial biofilms and its role in the pathogenesis of disease. Antibiotics, v. 9, n. 2, p. 59, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020059
WAGHMARE, R. et al. Pulsed light: Innovative non-thermal technology for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Food Physics, v. 1, p. 100022, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodp.2024.100022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodp.2024.100022
WANG, C.-Y. et al. Recent Advances in Food Processing Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Technology. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, v. 56, n. 4, p. 527-540, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.745479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.745479
WANG, Q.; LAVOINE, N.; SALVI, D. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma for the sanitation of conveyor belt materials: Decontamination efficacy against adherent bacteria and biofilms of Escherichia coli and effect on surface properties. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, v. 84, p. 103260, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103260
WENSKE, S. et al. Nonenzymatic post-translational modifications in peptides by cold plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Biointerphases, v. 15, n. 6, p. 061008, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000529
WERESKI, M. The Threshold of Hearing. The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal, v. 2, n. 1, art. 20, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20150201.20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20150201.20
WHO. Diarrheal disease. [Geneva], 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease. Accessed: April 10, 2025.
YAMAMOTO, K. Food processing by high hydrostatic pressure. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, v. 81, n. 4, p. 672-679, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2017.1281723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2017.1281723
YUAN, Y. et al. Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage and its potential to disrupt multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Microbial Pathogenesis, v. 128, p. 329-336, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.032
YOUNG, J. L.; DEAN, D. A. Electroporation-mediated gene delivery. Advances in Genetics, v. 89, p. 49-88, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2014.10.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2014.10.003
YU, T.; NIU, L.; IWAHASHI, H. High-pressure carbon dioxide used for pasteurization in food industry. Food Engineering Reviews, v. 12, p. 364-380, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-020-09240-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-020-09240-1
ZENKER, M.; HEINZ, V,; KNORR, D. Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Thermal Processing for Preservation and Quality Retention of Liquid Foods. Journal of Food Protection, v. 66, n. 9, p. 1642-1649, 2003. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-66.9.1642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-66.9.1642
ZHOU, R. et al. Plasma-activated water: generation, origin of reactive species and biological applications. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, v. 53, p. 303001, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab81cf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab81cf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors declare that the work has not been previously published, nor sent simultaneously for publication in another journal and that they agree with the submission, content and transfer of the publication rights of the article in question to the scientific journal Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha - PAG. The authors assume full responsibility for the originality of the article, and may incur on them any charges arising from claims by third parties in relation to the authorship of the article. The full reproduction of the journal's articles in other free-to-use electronic media is permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.













