Phytotechnical aspects of olive cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul I: Reproductive biology
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) even though has both hermaphrodite and staminate flowers, it has mechanisms favoring the allogamy, being not advisable the monovarietals orchards planting. The pollination of olive trees is anemophilous, and produce a large amounts of pollen grains, dispersed throughout the atmosphere during the bloom. The economic viability of the olive oil is dependent of the fruit production and several factors can affect its fruit set. This study aimed understand the relationship of reproductive biology with fruit production in olive trees, in Southern Brazil. The study was carried out in a commercial olive grove located in Barra do Ribeiro (RS), whit seven year-old, in the years 2016-2017. The olive grove was formed for Koroneiki, Arbequina and Arbosana cultivars, spacing 5x7 m. It was evaluated the number of inflorescences per branch, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of hermaphrodite flowers, quality of pollen and the kind of pollination. ’Arbosana’ had the biggest number of flowers per inflorescence. ‘Arbequina’ had a higher percentage of hermaphrodite flowers than ‘Korneiki’ in both years, no differing of ‘Arbosana‘ in 2017. It has reduction of percentage of hermaphrodite flowers to ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Arbequina’, in the second year. In the yeard 2017 there was reduction on the pollen viability, biggest in ‘Koroneiki’. Independent of cultivar, the open pollination provides bigger fructification. The fruit set in ‘Koroneiki’ was bigger than ‘Arbequina’. The measured parameters were not determinant for fruiting of the olive trees studied.
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References
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