Side-effects of herbicides applied in soybean on Trichogramma pretiosum
Abstract
The parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum is considered a major biological agent for suppression of populations of species of lepidopteran pests. However, the potential of such natural enemy can suffer deleterious effects due to the application of herbicides to control weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of herbicides applied for soybeans on the adults of parasitoid T. pretiosum. Bioassays were conducted in the laboratory by exposing adult insects to dried residues of herbicides. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The parameter to classify the herbicides was based on the reduction of parasitism (RP) evidenced by the number of parasitized eggs per female in the control. We classify the herbicides Aminol 806, Alteza 30 SL, Aramo 200, Aurora, Basagran 600, Flumyzin 500, Gamit, Glifosato Atanor, Herbadox, Robust, Select 240 and Tordon are harmless (class 1); Dual Gold, Fusilade 250 EW, Gramoxone 200, Roundup Original, Sencor 480 and Zapp Qi 620 are slightly harmful (class 2); Cobra, Gramocil, Naja, Poast and Podium EW are moderately harmful (class 3), and Finale is harmful (class 4) to the adult parasitoid T. pretiosum.
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